Ocean

The Ocean, Explained

Science, weather, and natural history for sailors — what's actually happening in the water and sky around you

Ocean Science

Bioluminescence at Sea: The Living Light

Dinoflagellates, the luciferin-luciferase reaction, and why dolphins leave comet trails underwater at night. Where to see it, how to photograph it, and the difference between a harmless glowing wake and a harmful algal bloom.

NatureScience
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Ocean Science

The Gulf Stream: The Ocean River

The largest current on earth by volume — 60 miles wide, 3,000 feet deep, running north at 4–5 knots. What it means for coastal sailors, why wind against current creates dangerous seas, and Benjamin Franklin's chart.

NavigationScience
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Ocean Science

Understanding Marine Weather: Why the Ocean Changes Everything

Sea surface temperature, sea breezes, trade winds, ENSO, and what "seas 4 to 6 feet" actually means. How to read a synoptic chart and what the weather fax tells you that the forecast doesn't.

WeatherScience
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Ocean Science

What Sailors See: Marine Life at Sea and in Anchorages

Flying fish, pilot whales, humpbacks and fin whales, Portuguese man-o-war, mahi-mahi at the weed line, stingrays in the shallows, nurse sharks under the dock, and the wildlife that appears only on night watch.

NatureSeamanship
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